Epidemiology and Health

Original article

Changes in food sufficiency among Korean adults in urban and rural areas during the COVID-19 pandemic: an analysis of the 7th and 8th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey: Sarang Jeong, Jin-Young Jeong, Sohyun Park; Epidemiol Health. 2024;e2024045. Published online April 16, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2024045 [Accepted]

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Abstract PDF: Abstract
OBJECTIVES
Understanding changes in food sufficiency within various demographic groups during emergency situations, such as the global coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, is crucial in formulating public health policies for future preparedness. This study investigated potential differences between urban and rural residents in food sufficiency trends during the COVID-19 pandemic and examined how these changes varied according to sociodemographic factors.
METHODS
This cross-sectional study analyzed data from 19,724 adults aged 20 years and older, utilizing information from the 7th–8th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2018–2021).
RESULTS
In urban areas, across all subpopulations, food sufficiency improved significantly during the COVID-19 period relative to pre-pandemic levels (p<0.001). However, in rural regions, a significant increase in food sufficiency during the COVID-19 era was observed only among women, with an odds ratio of 1.42 (confidence interval, 1.06 to 1.89). Nevertheless, no significant interaction terms were found between region and various sociodemographic factors regarding changes in food sufficiency during the COVID-19 period.
CONCLUSIONS
During the COVID-19 pandemic, food sufficiency among urban residents improved compared to the pre-pandemic era, whereas their rural counterparts saw no such improvement. Additionally, no significant interaction was detected between urban versus rural areas and changes in food sufficiency during the COVID-19 period. These findings indicate the need for targeted food policies to prepare for potential future pandemics, particularly in rural areas, where food sufficiency did not improve.; Summary

Data Profile

Data resource profile: the Korean Community Health Status Indicators (K-CHSI) database: Hye-Eun Lee, Yeon-gyeong Kim, Jin-Young Jeong, Dong-Hyun Kim; Epidemiol Health. 2023;45:e2023016. Published online February 2, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2023016

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Abstract Summary PDF Supplementary Material: Abstract
Korean Community Health Status Indicators (K-CHSI) is a model-based database containing annual data on health outcomes and determinants at the municipal level (si/gun/gu-level regions, including mid-sized cities, counties, and districts). K-CHSI’s health outcomes include overall mortality, disease incidence, prevalence rates, and self-reported health. Health determinants were measured in 5 domains: socio-demographic factors, health behaviors, social environment, physical environment, and the healthcare system. The data sources are 71 public databases, including Causes of Death Statistics, Cancer Registration Statistics, Community Health Survey, Population Census, and Census on Establishments and Statistics of Urban Plans. This dataset covers Korea’s 17 metropolitan cities and provinces, with data from approximately 250 municipal regions (si/gun/gu). The current version of the database (DB version 1.3) was built using 12 years of data from 2008 to 2019. All data included in K-CHSI may be downloaded via the Korea Community Health Survey site, with no login requirement (https://chs.kdca.go.kr/chs/recsRoom/dataBaseMain.do). K-CHSI covers extensive health outcomes and health determinants at the municipal level over a period of more than 10 years, which enables ecological and time-series analyses of the relationships among various health outcomes and related factors.; Summary

Korean summary
지역사회 건강관련요인 데이터베이스는 17개 광역시도와 약 250개 시군구의 건강 결과 및 결정 요인에 대한 연간 데이터를 포함하는 모델 기반 데이터베이스이다. 본 데이터베이스의 건강 결과에는 사망률, 질병 발생률, 유병률, 자가 보고 건강상태 등이 포함되며 건강 결정 요인은 인구사회학적 환경, 건강 행태, 사회적 환경, 물리적 환경, 보건의료 체계의 5개 영역으로 구성되었다. 데이터는 질병관리청 지역사회건강조사 사이트에서 로그인 없이 다운로드할 수 있다(https://chs.kdca.go.kr/chs/recsRoom/dataBaseMain.do).

Key Message
Korean Community Health Status Indicators (K-CHSI) is a model-based database containing annual data on health outcomes and determinants from 17 metropolitan cities and provinces, with data from approximately 250 municipal regions (si/gun/gu). K-CHSI’s health outcomes include overall mortality, disease incidence, prevalence rates, and self-reported health. Health determinants were measured in 5 domains: socio-demographic factors, health behaviors, social environment, physical environment, and the healthcare system. The data included in K-CHSI may be downloaded via the Korea Community Health Survey site, with no login requirement (https://chs.kdca.go.kr/chs/recsRoom/dataBaseMain.do).

Original Articles

Gender difference in socioeconomic factors affecting suicidal ideation and suicidal attempts among community-dwelling elderly: based on the Korea Community Health Survey: Jin-Young Jeong; Epidemiol Health. 2020;42:e2020052. Published online July 13, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2020052

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Abstract Summary PDF Supplementary Material

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
This study was performed to explore socioeconomic factors associated with suicidal ideation and suicidal attempts among the local community’s resident elderly.

METHODS

The subjects included 129,277 participants aged 65 years or above of the Korea Community Health Survey conducted in 2013 and 2017. Based on the questions for suicidal ideation and suicidal attempts, the subjects were divided into a no suicidal ideation group (n=111,344), a suicidal ideation group (n=17,487), and a suicidal attempt group (n=446). All analyses were stratified by gender, and a complex sample logistic regression analysis was performed to analyze associated factors. SAS version 9.4 was used for all analyses with a significance level of 0.05.

RESULTS

Common factors associated with suicidal ideation in both genders included marital status, frequency of contact with friends, social activity, and average monthly household income. Economic activity was demonstrated as relevant only to the elderly men subjects. According to the analysis, factors associated with suicidal attempts were the recipients of the National Basic Living Security Act for the elderly men compared to age, frequency of contact with family, frequency of contact with friends, and average monthly household income for the elderly women.

CONCLUSIONS

The study revealed that socioeconomic factors leading to suicidal ideation were similar in the elderly of both genders, while a difference was demonstrated for factors associated with suicidal attempts between the elderly of both genders. It is expected that the results of this study may be used as the basis for screening the local community’s elderly with a high suicidal risk, and in the development of suicide prevention services.

Summary

Korean summary
2013년과 2017년 지역사회건강조사에 참여한 129,277명의 노인을 대상으로 자살시도에 관련된 사회-경제적 요인을 탐색하였다. 분석결과, 남성 노인의 자살시도 관련요인은 국민기초생활수급자, 여성 노인의 자살시도 관련요인은 연령, 가족접촉빈도, 친구접촉빈도, 그리고 월평균가구소득으로 나타났다. 본 결과가 지역사회 거주 노인의 자살 고위험군 선별 및 자살 예방서비스 개발에 기초자료로 활용되기를 기대한다.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

A systematic review of psychosocial protective factors against suicide and suicidality among older adults
Myung Ki, Sylvie Lapierre, Boeun Gim, Minji Hwang, Minku Kang, Luc Dargis, Myoungjee Jung, Emily Jiali Koh, Brian Mishara
International Psychogeriatrics.2024; : 1. CrossRef
Body mass index, subjective body shape, and suicidal ideation among community-dwelling Korean adults
Chae Eun Yong, Young Bum Kim, Jiyoung Lyu
Archives of Public Health.2021;[Epub] CrossRef

The Relationship between Height and Cognitive Function among Community-dwelling Elderly: Hallym Aging Study: Shan Ai Quan, Jin-Young Jeong, Dong-Hyun Kim; Epidemiol Health. 2013;35:e2013002. Published online April 30, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih/e2013002

16,153 View
94 Download
7 Crossref

Abstract PDF

Abstract

<sec><title>OBJECTIVES</title>Height is known as an index that reflects the environment of the fetal, childhood, and adolescent periods, which affect adult health. This study was conducted to elucidate whether height is associated with cognitive impairment in community-dwelling elders in Korea.</sec><sec><title>METHODS</title>The study subjects were recruited among community dwelling elderly individuals aged 65 or over who participated in the 2004 Hallym Aging Study. They were invited to a general hospital and were evaluated for socioeconomic status, smoking history, and various clinical measures. Cognitive function measurement was performed using the Korean-Mini Mental State Examination. Logistic regression was used to evaluate the association between height and cognitive function.</sec><sec><title>RESULTS</title>After adjusting for potential covariates such as age and education, the smallest group was associated with higher risk of cognitive impairment compared with the tallest group among elderly men (odds ratio [OR], 4.20; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.02-17.36), but not among elderly women (OR,1.65; 95% CI, 0.62-4.40).</sec><sec><title>CONCLUSIONS</title>The reason for this difference according to sex may be explained by the differential effects of education on cognitive function by sex. A larger population-based prospective cohort study is needed to examine the association between height and cognitive function according to sex.</sec>

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Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Taller adult height is associated with better performance of cognitive trajectories in Chinese over 45 years old: Evidence from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study
Lan Luo, Fangfei Xie, Yun Wang, Li‐Qiang Qin, Jie‐Yun Yin, Zhongxiao Wan
Geriatrics & Gerontology International.2021; 21(8): 732. CrossRef
Sex-related associations between body height and cognitive impairment among low-income elderly adults in rural China: a population-based cross-sectional study
Dongwang Qi, Chanhong Shi, Rongyan Mao, Xuewei Yang, Jinhui Song, Yanjia Wang, Jun Tu, Jinghua Wang, Xianjia Ning, Yi Wu
Biology of Sex Differences.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Book-Oriented Environment in Childhood and Current Cognitive Performance among Old-Aged Europeans
Galit Weinstein, Ella Cohn-Schwartz, Noam Damri
Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders.2021; 50(3): 274. CrossRef
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Adult Body Height Is a Good Predictor of Different Dimensions of Cognitive Function in Aged Individuals: A Cross-Sectional Study
Vitor H. Pereira, Patrício S. Costa, Nadine C. Santos, Pedro G. Cunha, Margarida Correia-Neves, Joana A. Palha, Nuno Sousa
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The Relationship between Smoking, Socioeconomic Status and Grip Strength among Community-dwelling Elderly Men in Korea: Hallym Aging Study: ShanAi Quan, Jin-Young Jeong, Dong-Hyun Kim; Epidemiol Health. 2013;35:e2013001. Published online February 18, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih/e2013001

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20 Crossref

Abstract PDF

Abstract

<sec><title>OBJECTIVES</title>Low grip strength is associated with decline in bone mineral density (BMD) and increased risk of spine fracture among the elderly. Smoking, a major factor determining BMD, is also known to have an indirect effect on bone loss. This study investigated whether smoking is associated with grip strength in the community-dwelling elderly in Korea.</sec><sec><title>METHODS</title>This study was an outcome of the second of three waves of the Hallym Aging Study from January to May 2007, a population-based study of Koreans aged 45 years and upwards dwelling in Chuncheon. Its 218 subjects comprised men aged 65 years or over. They were evaluated at a general hospital for socioeconomic status, smoking history, and various clinical measures including grip strength.</sec><sec><title>RESULTS</title>Grip strength was higher in non-, ex-, and current smokers (33.7 kg, 30.6 kg, and 29.3 kg, respectively). Current smoking was found to increase the risk of decreased grip strength (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 4.58; 95% confidence interval [CI],1.31 to 16.04) compared with non-smoking, after adjustment for potential covariates including socioeconomic status. After adjustment for smoking effect, education of fewer than six years and monthly income of fewer than 500,000 Korean won increased the risk of decreased grip strength compared with education of more than six years (aOR, 2.88; 95% CI, 1.08 to 7.66) and monthly income of more than 1,500,000 Korean won (aOR, 2.86; 95% CI, 1.08 to 7.54).</sec><sec><title>CONCLUSIONS</title>These results showed that current smoking, low education and low income were independent risk factors for decreased grip strength among elderly men in Korea.</sec>

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